Ground State Electron Configuration Z 40
Zirconium History
The element Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in year 1789 in Germany . Zirconium derived its name from Persian Zargun, 'gold-colored'; German Zirkoon, 'jargoon'
Zirconium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Zirconium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 5×10-6% |
| Abundance in Sun | 4×10-6% |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 6.6e-06 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 0.00013 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 2.6×10-9% |
| Abundance in Humans | 5×10-6% |
Crystal Structure of Zirconium
The solid state structure of Zirconium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 323.2 | 323.2 | 514.7 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Zirconium Atomic and Orbital Properties
Zirconium atoms have 40 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 10, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 3F2.
Shell Structure of Zirconium - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K | 2 | |||
| 2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
| 3 | M | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
| 4 | N | 2 | 6 | 2 | |
| 5 | O | 2 |
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Zirconium - neutral Zirconium atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Zirconium atom is [Kr] 4d2 5s2. The portion of Zirconium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4d2 5s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Zirconium
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Zirconium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d2 5s2
Atomic Structure of Zirconium
Zirconium atomic radius is 206 pm, while it's covalent radius is 148 pm.
Atomic Spectrum of Zirconium
Zirconium Chemical Properties: Zirconium Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Zirconium is 41.1 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy of Zirconium
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Zirconium
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1 | 640.1 |
| 2 | 1270 |
| 3 | 2218 |
| 4 | 3313 |
| 5 | 7752 |
| 6 | 9.5×103 |
Zirconium Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Zirconium Physical Properties
| Density | 6.511 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 14.0107510367 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
Hardness of Zirconium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Zirconium Electrical Properties
Zirconium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Zirconium
Zirconium Heat and Conduction Properties
Zirconium Magnetic Properties
Optical Properties of Zirconium
Acoustic Properties of Zirconium
Zirconium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Zirconium
Enthalpies of Zirconium
Zirconium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Zirconium
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Zirconium has 4 stable isotope - 90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94Zr.
| Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 78Zr | ||||
| 79Zr | ||||
| 80Zr | ||||
| 81Zr | ||||
| 82Zr | ||||
| 83Zr | ||||
| 84Zr | ||||
| 85Zr | ||||
| 86Zr | ||||
| 87Zr | ||||
| 88Zr | ||||
| 89Zr | ||||
| 90Zr | 51.45% | Stable | N/A | |
| 91Zr | 11.22% | Stable | N/A | |
| 92Zr | 17.15% | Stable | N/A | |
| 93Zr | ||||
| 94Zr | 17.38% | Stable | N/A | |
| 95Zr | ||||
| 96Zr | 2.8% | |||
| 97Zr | ||||
| 98Zr | ||||
| 99Zr | ||||
| 100Zr | ||||
| 101Zr | ||||
| 102Zr | ||||
| 103Zr | ||||
| 104Zr | ||||
| 105Zr | ||||
| 106Zr | ||||
| 107Zr | ||||
| 108Zr | ||||
| 109Zr | ||||
| 110Zr |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7440-67-7 |
| RTECS Number | N/A |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.2 |
| DOT Numbers | 2008 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 |
| NFPA Hazards | N/A |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-67-7 |
| CID Number | CID23995 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | N/A |
Ground State Electron Configuration Z 40
Source: https://www.schoolmykids.com/learn/interactive-periodic-table/zr-zirconium
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